We grew up with a thing called a radiogram. It was a massive piece of furniture with speakers (well I think only one) built into it and huge knobs and dials on the outside. You lifted the lid and there was a record player inside - turntable, stylus, needle and that bit in the middle, the upright metal dealy that you could stack records on. Pretty sure it had a radio built into it too. TMM a gramophone IS the old ear trumpet thing. If you look it up, you'll get images like this
almost exclusively. Other than that, it was a record player, turntable or hi-fi unit. Maybe it's different in Poland, but I never heard anyone here call a "modern" player a gramophone, except if they wanted to slag it off.