I think it's worth mentioning that Velvet Underground set a lot of the standards for indie music, with Velvet Underground & Nico serving as the basis for most indie pop. Most guitar-based indie rock, like Husker Du and Sonic Youth, was heavily influenced both by hardcore punk, as well as the noise-style freak outs found both in VU's White Light/White Heat, as well as the Stooges' albums. Sonic Youth grew out of the no wave scene, which is where a lot of their guitar experimentation came from, and bands that started to use a lot of distortion and noise in their music, like Dinosaur Jr. and eventually Green River, were also influenced by no wave and the Stooges.
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