Well the difference I guess would be that a standup show is filled with jokes, that have a set up and a punchline, a podcast can just be banter which doesn't have to get a laugh every 30 seconds. I guess some comedians are now blurring the lines a little bit, like Hannah Gadsby's Nanette (which got a LOT of buzz over the past month or so and I have to say, it was quite an experience but not necessarily something I'd recommend to everyone). But the problem for me with Minhaj was that his whole setup was as a classic one, not someone trying to upend the idea of standup like Gadsby, and yet his punch lines just didn't really hit hard and a lot of the times fell flat, because he told them wrong. A better skilled comedian probably would have done a lot better with the material.
But anyway, to each their own...