There's a few differences. Firstly, house came first (70s) - and it came from America (trance came from Europe in the 90s), specifically the underground black clubs in Chicago (the Warehouse club in Chicago is where the genre got its name) - its culture was one of acceptance and unity and celebration, including gays, which was different for the time.
Trance is typically faster at around 150 bpm, while house usually sits somewhere around 120 bpm. Trance is much more synth-heavy than house and focuses much more on the 'build-up' and 'release' if that makes sense. The bass kicks and four on the floor beats that drive house songs are not always present in trance - especially during the 'release' part of the songs where you usually get a lot of synth noodling. House music is much more focused on vocals and vocal cutups than trance music is - a lot of trance doesn't have vocals at all - this happens in house music, but it's not as common.
Described another way, if you're out with friends and you've all been drinking and want to go to a show and dance, you're probably going to a house show.
If you were instead all pretty high, and wanted to vibe a little bit more in your head and dance (or slowly nod your head and shuffle), you may prefer a trance show.
Compare two classics of the genres and see the differences yourself:
Robin S - Show Me Love (House):
Robert Miles - Children (Trance):
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