^Not everything, but some of the pioneering theories dealing on the very edge of what we know, yes .. although I don't know how much. Proving that something we've never seen or knowingly experienced before doesn't exist will be hard, though. If they prove it's not there, they'll make new theory to accomodate that new knowledge.
Sometimes you come up with an explanation to a phenomena, a hypothesis that explains why something happens. Even if that explanation turns out to be wrong, the phenomena is still there and so you can come up with a different hypothesis.
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