Kick drum mic
 

Can you mic a bass drum with a regular mic? in other words, can you get the low/correct sound with a mic that is used for (let's say) vocals?

Depends on what you're using for vocals, if you're using a condenser, no, you'll want a dynamic for the kick. Get something like an AKG-D112, a Shure Beta 52A or a Sennheiser E902, i've not used the Shure one, but the other two get the job done.

I worked with a band that used Shure SM-57s on the entire kit. Their aim was to get a sort of drum machine uniformity of dynamic and it worked. Large diaphram mics are always optimal. You're losing out on a lot of bass response when using a vocal mic, but with the right outboard gear and sufficient tweaking you can get adequate results with just about any directional mic.

Mics like the D112 are ideal as they have a tailored response for bass instruments and can withstand a high volumes. Vocal dynamics are usually tailored with a presense lift for live use. This is not a bad thing for a bass drum, but make sure the mic you use has a decent response down to at least 50hz