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Music Addict
Join Date: Sep 2010
Posts: 5,184
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Researchers have found an inverse relationship between immigrant status
and violence perpetration. Most studies have examined Mexican immigrants,
and few have assessed immigration factors other than nativity. Additionally,
the majority have focused on the most serious forms of violence despite the
fact that moderate violence is more common.
Using data from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey, we generated prevalence
estimates of peer violence perpetration across immigration related factors,
examined whether risk factors for peer violence differed by these variables,
and explored the contribution of risk factors to peer violence perpetration.
Recent immigrants had a significantly lower prevalence of peer violence
compared to each other generations/time in U.S. group.
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compared to
other groups, recent immigrants were less likely to have used substances,
and were more likely earn A’s and B’s in school. Recent immigrants had a
significantly lower risk of violence perpetration relative to U.S.-born (RR =
0.35, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.62). Adjusting for known risk factors did not attenuate
differences in risk.
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Almeida, J. Et al. Peer Violence Perpetration Among Urban Adolescents: Dispelling the Myth of the Violent Immigrant, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2011.
At the very least, this source is relevant in four ways. 1) Discusses aggressive behaviour and violence, 2) Discusses aforementioned in regards to immigrants, 3) The research was based in the US and 4) The research was based on adolescents (as we are discussing school shootings, this seemed important).
Importantly:
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While immigrant youth had a lower risk of peer violence, the protective
effect was diminished among immigrants who had resided in the U.S. for >4
years. This pattern demonstrates that negative assimilation occurs within the
first generation, not just across generations. Results suggest that perpetration
of violence worsens with increased time in the U.S.
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It would appear that violent behaviour is in the US's existing culture, not that which has been brought in from abroad.
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More recently, sociologists have advanced the idea that immigration is not
related to or may actually be inversely associated with violence (Reid et al.,
2005; Sampson & Bean, 2005; Sampson, Morenoff, & Raudenbush, 2005).
For example, studies have shown that native U.S.-born youth (i.e., second
generation and higher) are more likely to engage in violence than their
foreign-born counterparts (Alaniz, Cartmill, & Parker, 1998; Harris, 1999;
Sampson et al., 2005; Smokowski, David-Ferdon, & Stroupe, 2009).
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Results of this study both confirm and contradict empirical evidence and
popular opinion regarding violence among immigrants, which date back centuries
(Hagan & Palloni, 1999; Martinez, 2000; Reid et al., 2005; Rumbaut &
Ewing, 2007; Sampson & Bean, 2005). Specifically, we found that on arrival,
immigrants are less likely to engage in peer violence than their U.S.-born
peers, but seem to rapidly adopt the U.S. norms and behaviors that support
violence and aggression toward peers. Although rates of violence among the
foreign-born converged with their U.S.-born counterparts with successive
generations and increased years residing in this country, contrary to public
opinion, we found that immigrants are less likely to engage in peer violence
than their U.S.-born counterparts (Rumbaut & Ewing, 2007).
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