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Who Mapped the Ancient World
There hasn't been a thread about this that I can find so I may as well start one. THIS IS NOT AN ANCIENT ASTRONAUT THREAD!!! There has been an argument among scholars for some time now about the voyage of Magellan's from 1519 to 1522 where he discovered the straits that the tip of South America now named after him--the Straits of Magellan. The problem is, the map he used to get there already had the straits on them! But even stranger, WHO made this map and how did they know about the Straits? No one is sure today exactly what map Magellan used but it is generally agreed to be a form of the Piri Reis map:
http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/TECHFOTO/...L/pirireis.jpg Piri Reis was a Turkish general whose map is a copy of a copy of a copy ad infinitum. On the left it shows an area of Argentina called Patagonia and on the right we part of Africa and Spain. At the bottom we see a blank area with a jagged sort of border. That's pack ice. The indented area by the ships is the entrance into the straits. Remarkably, we see what appears to be part of Antarctica (not officially discovered until 1819) and a group of islands that appear to be, for all the world, the South Shetland Islands off the coast of Antarctica. A modern map of Patagonia: http://diegosblog.com/wp-content/upl...agonia-map.jpg Comparing it to Piri Reis, we see we see that bit of land jutting out from Patagonia and the entrance to the straits under that. Now, it's much further south than what Piri Reis shows but, again, we're dealing with a map that was a copy of many previous copies so things are out of scale. Africa and Spain are also grossly out of scale with South America. Some try to say that the hump of land is not Patagonia but the entire hump of South America formed mostly by Brazil!! This would make the map so grossly out of scale as to be worthless. Magellan could never have found the straits if this were the case. Furthermore, the compass circle off the coast of Patagonia shown on Piri Reis sits just about where the Falkland Islands sit and it would make sense that this expedition--whoever they were--would have used it as a navigational aid and to take some measurements. The Falklands are shown on the modern map for comparison. So the question is, who made this map and when? Gavin Menzies insists it was the Chinese. He's taken a lot of heat from the scientific community but that same community offer no answers at all. The Chinese or Koreans definitely did undertake a global mapping expedition because of the Kangnido map that dates from no later than 1402, well before Columbus. It is being housed and preserved in Japan: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...angnidoMap.jpg This map shows Korea, Japan, China, India, Central Asia, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Africa and Europe in remarkable detail for its time. Somebody had to voyage at some point to produce a map like this. In the early days of exploration, no one was even sure what was beyond the equator. To make up for it, they invented a "counterland"--a fictional land to take up the bottom space on the map so it didn't look so barren. It was purely decorative and did not resemble Antarctica in any way and was not meant to since no one even knew there was an Antarctica then: http://socks-studio.com/img/blog/map..._World_Map.jpg Or did they? The Oronteus Finaeus map of 1531 tells us that someone knew about it. Dividing the map in half, the right half depicts Antarctica with shocking accuracy. The tips of South America and Africa (with Madagascar) and clearly visible and the land mass in question is given its own projection so this is clearly NOT a mere counterland. https://www.forbiddenhistory.info/files/finaeus.jpg http://www.diegocuoghi.it/Piri_Reis/Hapgood_fineaus.jpg The cartographer, Martin Waldseemuller, drew a map showing the isthmus of Panama in 1507. The map shown below is Waldseemuller's map. In the small inset at the top right center, one can see the isthmus clearly drawn. The problem is it wouldn't be officially discovered until 1513 by Balboa, six years after Waldseemuller drew it: http://www.genesisveracityfoundation...lerMap1507.jpg I don't want to talk just about maps. There's a lot of strange stuff we have found about the ancient world but this post will kick it off. |
This is the type of topic you write very well, kudos
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Those are some beautiful maps.
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ohoho not one person, many people with cartographers and compass:clap:
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Maps were extremely important back then. The various nations of Europe were competing for routes to India, China, Japan, the Spice Islands, etc. Spices were an EXTREMELY lucrative business. Some spices were literally worth more than gold ounce for ounce and pound for pound. The Dutch East India Company, the world's first international corporation, had many detailed maps of the world and kept them VERY secret. Accurate maps were highly sought and prized. Just a single accurate map could make a nation rich beyond its citizens wildest dreams. Maps caused wars.
The thing is, the real power behind nations were the cartographers. Without them, ships had nowhere to sail nor had any way to get back. Kings and govts had to make sure cartographers lived very comfortably because it one get fed up and fled to a rival nation, he took his knowledge with him. Govts must have spent a lot of time trying to entice cartographers from rival nations to defect to them with all sorts of outlandish promises. But cartographers must have been, in themselves, a secret society. People are always jawing about Knights Templars and Freemasons and the Illuminati when the most secret society of all is under our very noses--the real kingmakers and deal-breakers--the cartographers. They had to have had a long line of succession and many older--far older--maps to use as source material. How else do we explain Waldseemuller's map? He could not have gotten his data from contemporary sailors. Here is a Spanish map from 1544, some 37 years after Waldseemuller's map based entirely on contemporary data: http://scimaps.org/exhibit/maps/1544...00x600_q85.jpg Not very impressive. So we can surmise then that cartographers used old maps--mysteriously accurate--and added new info when it seemed to further refine their knowledge. The older maps were handed down or bequeathed to them by their teachers in the craft. Moreover, it seems likely that cartographers of even rival nations may have secretly shared maps and kept the most sensitive data completely secret even from their kings and queens. Sworn to secrecy among themselves, they revealed only what their secret society told them. To disregard that was to risk being expelled and this was a proud profession and none dared risk such a dishonor. Besides who knows what agents or other members this society had that could make someone die accidentally if they ordered it? So we can surmise that Waldseemuller made a map that showed the isthmus of Panama six years before its discovery because he was allowed to or perhaps he did it without realizing the goof (pretending it was a goof). His subsequent maps did not show the isthmus and so it was either an agreed on one-time thing or he was made aware of his error by the society and told not to do it again. Scholars have tried to maintain that Waldseemuller was just guessing and got it right by coincidence but that is simply not very convincing. There appears to have been a "secret" knowledge about the globe and the other stars and planets but where it came from is anyone's guess. For example, in Swift's Gulliver's Travels he wrote of Mars as having two moons, gave surprisingly accurate distance of each moon from the planet and added that one moon orbited twice in a Martian day--all of which is correct but written 150 years before anyone supposedly knew that Mars even had moons at all. That Swift could have guessed this is beyond serious consideration. He got the knowledge from some source lost to us today but what was it and where is it now? |
Are there esoteric manuscripts from these times that we can point to? Yes, one of the most mysterious is the Voynich Manuscript. It was written probably in Italy in the early 15th century by an unknown author in an unknown language or writing system. No one has yet deciphered it although a great many have tried. It is written in dozens of strange glyphs of which about 25 are repeated many times throughout the text which is about 170,000 glyphs long. The rest of the glyphs appear only once or twice. This makes the task of deciphering the writing exceedingly difficult. A page from the Voynich Manuscript:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi..._%28119%29.jpg The manuscript is also full of colored illustrations. Whether the author is also the artist is unknown: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...ript_(170).jpg http://www.crystalinks.com/voynichgate.jpg http://i.huffpost.com/gen/247014/thu...T-large570.jpg http://www.alchemywebsite.com/images...ch_f84rTop.jpg https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/i...Btq1_lDKDHNOwf This one appears to be a galaxy. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...ript_(104).jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nGpMcPVBUK...Manuscript.jpg http://www.alchemywebsite.com/images...rosettes08.jpg http://www.alchemywebsite.com/images...ch_baths24.jpg This was obviously a document of a secret society. Some attribute it to Da Vinci but this is not convincing. Da Vinci never wrote in any such code in anything else and the artwork certainly does not compare to Da Vinci's talent. Whoever the author was, he was educated and either wealthy or patronized by someone of wealth. The work had to be produced for some kind of audience but obviously that audience would have to know how to read the glyphs so it was not meant for anyone outside a certain circle. What society was this and who belonged to it is anyone's guess. What knowledge is contained in the codex and where it came from is also unknown. It seems to me however that this is a very important find and deciphering it may tell us a lot about our past. |
Excellent thread. I love maps, old and new, they always kindle a sense of journey and adventure.
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https://www.forbiddenhistory.info/files/trilobite.jpg
Fossilized shoeprints? They were discovered near Antelope Springs, Utah in June 1968 by an amateur fossil expert named William J. Meister. Since that time, numerous other shoe prints and footprints have been found in the area including those of children. I gave the age as 2-5 million years as the period of time it takes for prints in mud to turn into solid rock. However, the Utah prints are unique in that at least two trilobites were found crushed and embedded in the prints. Trilobites first appeared in the Early Cambrian period starting about 540 million years ago. They disappeared in the Permian period about 250 million years ago. That makes these shoe prints about 250 million years old. It seems too incredible to be true. Science in general rejects this fossil evidence saying that the prints are simulacra—something naturally formed but insubstantial that resembles something artificial or man-made. And yet what are the odds that nature could haphazardly form two simulacra in close proximity that just happen to resemble a left and right shoe both in shape and size? What about the other prints that have since been discovered in the area? All simulacra apparently. The fossil-hunters had the prints examined by various shoe manufacturers who are very frequently consulted by police to identify shoe prints left at crime scenes and whose testimony in court can convict or acquit a suspect. Without exception, they identified the prints as being shoes. The heels of the shoes are easily discernible. Detailed analysis detects stitching all around the soles (pointing to shoes not sandals or moccasins—not that either of those would be any less astonishing) and the front of the prints depict exactly the type of depression one finds when someone is walking and pushing off with the toes. Chemist Melvin Cook from the University of Utah concurs that these are human footprints. http://paleo.cc/paluxy/nv-ape1b.jpg 200 million + year-old shoeprint discovered in Nevada. http://0.tqn.com/d/paranormal/1/0/c/...in-granite.jpg This shoeprint was discovered in Nevada in solid granite and dated to at least 15 million years. And you can find a million creationist websites claiming this proves the earth is only thousands of years old and a million more science websites swearing up and down that this "bad archaeology." What other bad archaeology can we unearth? How about the Klerksdorp Sphere? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi.../Ottosdal1.jpg The sphere was found in a South African Precambrian mineral deposit. It is actually rather small with three grooves. It certainly looks artificial but has been dated at 2.8 billion years. Yes, billion. Artificial or natural? Before you answer, it’s made of metal. Maybe it was mis-dated. http://0.tqn.com/d/paranormal/1/7/7/...nt-springs.jpg Thousands of the little metal parts were found in the Urals in the 1990s. Some are so small they are literally microscopic (1/10,000 of an inch). They were found in sediment 3 to 40 feet deep by gold miners. This would make them anywhere from 20,000 to 100,000 years old. |
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http://www.fabulousfibonacci.com/por...ed/mandlebrot1 |
Even stranger, is that Mandelbrot developed his concept of fractals in an effort to mathematically explain irregular topographic regions and irregular coastlines. The first practical use for fractals came from Hollywood when an FX guru wanted to create 3d computerized landscapes for movies. Although this is old hat now, it was brand new at the time. What enabled him to do it was when he read Mandelbrot's book on fractals. He began developing a program that would generate fractal algorithms so that he could create any landscape he envisioned within a few minutes. We can do this routinely now but it was fractals that enabled it. Fractals and land masses seem to go together. So you have to wonder if Mandelbrot rediscovered rather than discovered this knowledge and are subtle clues worked into these maps?
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This thread is fecking amazing! I love reading about history and got into ancient civilization through playing Age of Empires. I definitely want to know more about this!
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http://vejprty.com/batrilit.jpg
The Trilithon of Baalbak, Lebanon. It is part of a huge court but no one knows who built it. The smaller stones stacked on top are Roman and one can see Roman columns inside the court (note the human figures for scale). But those huge stones at the base are a mystery. They weigh 1000 TONS each!! The largest dressed stones in the world! Larger than the largest stones in the Pyramids. They are simply stacked together--no mortar--and yet a piece of paper cannot be inserted between them. See how the Roman stones were already breached with a gaping hole but the Trilithon remains untouched and immovable. http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible...-herodian2.jpg The Trilithon are 3 huge stones and yet somehow they were lifted and laid atop smaller stacked stones as one can see here without crushing them. Again, note the human figure for scale. These stones are enormous! When was it built? At least 5000 years ago because that was when the Arabs came into the area but they say the stones were already there and have no idea who did it. The Roman stones stacked on top were put there at least 3000 years later!!!! The Roman stones are less ancient to us than the Trilithon was to the Romans!! http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/im.../baalbek_2.jpg Another view of the Trilithon. Note the tiny human figure at the base of the wall--look REAL close. http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_sWDo0ppyX-.../s1600/bah.jpg But the largest stone of all--1200 tons--was never used but left in the quarry. It is called "the Stone of the South." It is the largest dressed stone known to man and yet we have no idea who made it. It is unimaginably ancient and yet so massive that it has remained where its builders have left it for untold thousands of years. It is so heavy that it is partially sunken into the ground but too massive to move although the Lebanese govt wouldn't allow it anyway--it's a preserved site. With all the wars this area has seen over the centuries, the stones remain unmoved and unmovable, built and laid by unknown hands. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...es_Baalbek.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_sWDo0ppyX-...s1600/blb3.jpg An aerial view of the entire court. The columns are Roman (in fact, the oldest preserved Roman temple is visible). The court itself was made by this unknown race. The Trilithon and breached wall are visible at the left. http://www.ancientknowledgenow.com/w...pg&w=480&h=240 We've puzzled for centuries about who built this court and how. Will we ever get the answers? WHO were those people??? |
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Another trilithon--this time from Tonga in the South Pacific where one finds all sorts of bizarre things from mysterious pyramids to the Easter Island heads. The trilithon in eastern Tongatapu Island in Tonga called Ha'amonga 'a Maui or “Maui’s Burden” as it represents the great hero, Maui, holding up the heavens. The Wikipedia article on this structure is laughably skeptical and poorly researched saying, for example, that the structure is composed of limestone and weighs 12 tons. The structure is composed three slabs of coral weighing 20 tons each! The slabs were quarried from Wallis Island and brought to Tongatapu. A Wiki article states that the trilithon served as nothing more than the entrance to the court of the 13th century King Tu’i Tonga Tu’itatui and that claims of it having astronomical significance are bogus. According the website run by the Tongan monarchy, the trilithon is, in fact, a sundial. The Wiki article states that this claim was advanced in 1967 as a way of rivaling Stonehenge. The article also states that Stonehenge’s astronomical alignments “are now largely believed to have been overhyped.” In fact, Stonehenge has been proven to be a neolithic observatory. (This was several years ago and I've not been to the Wiki site since so that info may have changed by now) The Tongan monarchy website states: The sun is extremely significant in Tongan culture, in terms of seasonal periods, measured over years, months and days. The suns duration is measured from sunrise to sunset and seasonal months were divided between sowing, planting and reaping seeds, each dependent on the earth’s rotation. Everyday activities in Tonga are also dependent on the sun, including: fishing, canoe sailing, marriages and construction. The shortest day in Tonga occurs when the sun is exactly 23 ½ degrees (Tropic of Cancer). When the sun is on the equator, it is moving toward the southern hemisphere and conversely, the northern hemisphere is moving towards the winter. When the sun is on the Tropic of Capricorn, more light is shed in Tonga than darkness. All the three sun markers are indicative of the seasonal changes that occur in Tonga in accordance with the rising of the sun, which is exactly in line with the W etching found on the top slab of the Ha'amonga 'a Maui. The importance of the Latitude and Longitude of the Ha'amonga 'a Maui is that the coral slabs when constructed on land and are in a position that is high enough to observe the sea horizon when during sunrise. Investigations revealed that not only are the height of the coral slabs scientifically calculated towards the sea, but they are also true magnetic north. The Ha'amonga 'a Maui has been scientifically interpreted as an early style sundial clock that recorded different seasonal changes. The Ha'amonga 'a Maui fully acknowledges the sea position of Tongatapu and the exact observation of the morning sunrise on the shortest, midway and longest day. How our ancestors knew the science of the sun's positional sunrise along the Tropic of Cancer, Equator and Capricorn remains a mystery. As a result of the research, the success of the Tongan Maritime Empire has been directly related to the Ha'amonga 'a Maui. The trilithon enabled Tongan leaders to understand the astronomy of the sky, sun routes and was used as a seasonal calendar. Pshaw! Those silly, superstitious non-Caucasians! |
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These seem like reasonable objections to me. |
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And let's suppose these are footprints--would they ever admit it? No. Never. They'll always find some "reasonable objections". They are as bad as the creationists. I was checking out info on Yonaguni--an underwater rock formation off the coast of Japan that shows signs of having been artificially created. Some geologists insist it is a natural formation and it might be--I'm not convinced either way. I asked on one skeptical website if there were other formations similar to Yonaguni that are definitely natural. A skeptical fellow who claimed to have a degree in geology then posted a photo of the Giant's Causeway in Ireland saying here was an example of a natural formation can produce surprisingly geometrical patterns. I had to point out two things: 1. I specifically asked if there were natural formations similar to Yonaguni. The Giant's Causeway looks absolutely nothing like Yonaguni. If you ask for proof that Farmer Joe grows marijuana in his field and I come back with opium poppy from Farmer Bob's field, what did I prove about Farmer Joe? Nothing. 2. Yonaguni isn't geometrical at all! No one said ANYTHING about it being geometrical. Hell, snowflakes are geometrical, who cares? Angered that I didn't fold to his superior intellect and education, he began invoking the name of Dr. Robert Schoch, a geophysicist, who had actually inspected Yonaguni himself and pronounced it natural. Schoch was like a god to this guy--"Dr. Schoch said this" and "Dr. Schoch said that". So I did some digging and came across this: New Era Times - How Many Times has Dr. Robert Schoch been Wrong? When I sent it to the guy, I never heard from him again. The old "I'll just pretend I went away because I had so many more important things I had to do than sit around debating with the likes of you" ploy. Likewise, I was arguing with a creationist about the age of the earth and he sent me a link to some so-called geologic proof that the earth is actually very young. The author of the article was listed as Andrew A. Snelling--a geologist. So I looked him up and found this: Will the Real Dr Snelling Please Stand Up? It appears Dr. Snelling writes standard geology articles for regular geology journals and creationist articles for creationist journals and websites that reject everything he put forth as fact in his standard geology articles!!! So, I've learned that college degrees don't always mean anything. I keep an open mind and I use common sense--something both sides of the debate often lack. They may not be foot prints but the size, shape, spatial distance between them, the appearance of a right and left foot and heel marks tells me if these aren't footprints you'd better damn well present some convincing evidence to the contrary. If he's a scientist then he needs to prove his case. Shouldn't be hard the way he dismisses the evidence in this ho-hum fashion. |
http://www.molochsorcery.com/i//greatserpentmound2.jpg
The Serpent Mound of Adams County in Ohio near the Ohio River. It forms a snake with a spiral tail carrying or swallowing an egg. http://www.strangehistory.net/blog/w...rp-mound-2.jpg It's quite large. Measured along its coil and waves, it is 1,370 feet long. It appears to be about 5000 years old. It was first examined by the white race in the 19th century. It is a remnant of a type of amazing earthworks that once dotted this land. Lewis and Clark wrote in their journal of encountering an enormous pyramid during their travels. What became of it is anyone's guess. http://www.crystalinks.com/pyrgreatserpentbw.jpg Of course, the mound has been discovered to contain all kinds of remarkable astronomical correlations. https://www.uwec.edu/math/journals/E...rpentmound.jpg The Serpent Mound has quite an interesting story behind it which we'll look at in depth in the next post or two. But for now, I just want to get you familiar with its existence. The story of America is far, far more varied and interesting than the standard accounts of "science" would have you believe. Most of you have probably never heard of this thing. Why? Because science would rather you not know about it because it defies its false and incomplete "histories." So science won't say a word about it. If you want to know about, you have to look. I've looked. And now I'm going to tell you what I learned. It's risky business opposing science and the tragic thing is that I should not have to oppose it. But in cases as this, we are left with no alternative. It isn't so much that science denies certain things, it's that science simply refuses to talk about it that I find so infuriating. http://www.ancientohiotrail.org/site.../se_slide1.png |
I often wonder if these astronomical correlations found in places like the Serpent Mound and Stone Henge are coincidence. Not saying I believe they are coincidence. Just that we don't know either way.
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Probably coincidence. If I had the choice of expending a great deal of time and energy building a 1300+ foot-long serpent mound in order to calculate astronomical occurrences that might be important to my people or just build one for the sheer hell of it, I'd definitely choose the latter.
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I was reading up about an early composer a few weeks back and something struck me. The composer was Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179). She was the daughter of a knight and a tenth child and so was tithed to the Church. She became a nun at age 18. Her teacher was a woman named Jutta who taught her to read and write but Hildegard had a major intellect and began to study everything from art to music to science to philosophy. She is, in fact, the West's first known composer who also wrote the West's first known morality play. She was a physician and had the reputation of being a great healer. She knew a great deal about herbalism and was an early botanist.
She founded two convents, both with running water--something unheard of in Europe for several centuries afterward. She encouraged her nuns to bathe in warm water every day at a time when most Europeans bathed only a few times a year. While the water was fine for bathing, she worried it might be unsafe for drinking and so had her nuns make beer instead (the pilgrims of New England wisely did the same thing). Hildegard was so highly regarded that she shared correspondences with popes, archbishops, kings and emperors. She also corresponded with low ranking members of the Church because she didn't discriminate over social standing. She also spoke out against executions for heresy or witchcraft. Hildegard suffered from migraines throughout her long life and had visions which she described often in song. This gained her the reputation of seer and prophet although she claimed to be neither. Even in her day, Hildegard was regarded as a polymath and intellectual giant and because popes often read her writings in public she had papal favoritism making it hard for critics and detractors to censure her. I bring this up because while I was looking at the Voynich Manuscript pages that wrote about on the previous page, it occurred to me that the original author of the work might be, in fact, Hildegard. For example, I've never seen a full manuscript but I have seen a great many pages. I don't recall any that depicted a male figure. If there are any, they are certainly outnumbered greatly by depictions of women (oftimes nude). This would make sense if we entertain that the author is, in fact, a woman. One illustration shows women bathing and that was one of Hildegard's rules. There are a great many illustrations of plants and flowers which would indicate that the author is well-versed on this topic. So if we deduce the author to be a woman who knows a lot about botany, the only person who fits that description in our histories is Hildegard von Bingen. I read some bios on her and Wiki has encapsulated the main points I wish to bring up: "The definition of viriditas or ‘greenness’ is an earthly expression of the heavenly in an integrity that overcomes dualisms. This ‘greenness’ or power of life appears frequently in Hildegard’s works.[47]" Green seems to be the predominant color in the illustrations of the Voynich Manuscript as well. "Recent scholars have asserted that Hildegard made a close association between music and the female body in her musical compositions.[48] The poetry and music of Hildegard’s Symphonia is concerned with the anatomy of female desire thus described as Sapphonic, or pertaining to Sappho, connecting her to a history of female rhetoricians.[49]" The illustrations in the manuscript that depict the human body are overwhelmingly, if not entirely, female. Many of those depictions depict nude women. Since Hildegard spent her life since age 8 within the Church living only with women, it would not be a stretch to suppose she had Sapphic desires. In fact, we should be surprised if this were not the case. "Hildegard also wrote Physica, a text on the natural sciences, as well as Causae et Curae. Hildegard of Bingen was well known for her healing powers involving practical application of tinctures, herbs, and precious stones.[50] In both texts Hildegard describes the natural world around her, including the cosmos, animals, plants, stones, and minerals. She combined these elements with a theological notion ultimately derived from Genesis: all things put on earth are for the use of humans.[51] She is particularly interested in the healing properties of plants, animals, and stones, though she also questions God's effect on man's health.[52] One example of her healing powers was curing the blind with the use of Rhine water.[53]" This appears to be largely the subject matter covered in the Voynich Manuscript. Other illustrations are completely baffling and we don't know what they depict. Let us remember that Hildegard suffered from migraines that caused her to have visions which she talked about a good deal and wrote compositions about them. One source even states that her descriptions of said visions are "enigmatic" and that certainly describes many of the illustrations in the manuscript as well. "Hildegard also invented an alternative alphabet. The text of her writing and compositions reveals Hildegard's use of this form of modified medieval Latin, encompassing many invented, conflated and abridged words.[6] Due to her inventions of words for her lyrics and use of a constructed script, many conlangers look upon her as a medieval precursor. Scholars believe that Hildegard used her Lingua Ignota to increase solidarity among her nuns.[54]" Finally, the Voynich Manuscript is written in a code that no one has yet broken. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...ae_ignotae.png An example of Hildegard's Lingua Ignota. while it looks nothing like the code in the Voynich Manuscript, who is to say that Hildegard only had one such alphabet? A person of her intellect would likely invent several. I may, for example, invent an alphabet to communicate to persons 1-12 but suppose that I then only want to communicate certain matters to persons 1-4 without 5-12 knowing what said communication was; then, I invent another alphabet that only 1-4 know how to read. Now some may point out that the paper of the manuscript was analyzed and found to be from the early 1400s, long after Hildegard's death. That only means that the manuscript could be a copy or a copy of a copy. After all, Hildegard was an accomplished artist while the illustrations are somewhat amateurish so the original work may have been copied by someone with modest artistic talent. Some of the plants do not appear to have been copied faithfully depicting plants with leaves too far down the stem and so on. But that would be better than losing the work altogether. I'm sure I'm not the only person to suspect Hildegard as the ultimate author of the Voynich Manuscript but even if I hit on the idea independently of others, it only adds weight to the idea that she is, in fact, the author. |
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As for Serpent Mound being a national landmark--great, so what? I never said it was unknown to people in general. I said that I doubted most people here at this forum had ever heard of it before now. Landmark or no, it's still a park run by the Ohio Historical Society: Visiting Serpent Mound - Ancient Earthworks Site in Peebles, Ohio I think science would like it to remain a park rather than conduct any serious study because of the fear that such a study will up-end the myth that in 12,000 BCE, Asian nomads came across a land bridge now called the Aleutian Islands and populated the New World and became known as Indians. Questioning this falsehood has nothing to do with science and everything to do with money--funding to be exact. Did you know that there have been a number of relics recovered from the Serpent Mound in the 19th century and that they were taken to Boston and that they are still locked up in Boston museums whose trustees have refused to return them even at the request of the native Indian tribes in Ohio? In the 19th century, there was a fear by academia that many of the Indian tribes were, in fact, white people rather than the barbarous, dark-skinned savages that the white settlers were taught to fear and hate. The Mandan Indians were often amazingly white in appearance: http://www.jessicacrabtree.com/journ...tch_mandan.jpg http://nativeheritageproject.files.w...akoka-1832.jpg http://i.ebayimg.com/t/1908-Spotted-...V!g~~60_35.JPG Their language was discovered to be strikingly close to Gaelic or Welsh and the weave of the clothing worn by the females was identical to that worn by the Nordic women of Europe. Unlike the other plains Indians, the Mandans lived in earth lodges and the women tended their gardens. Strangely, they arranged their lodges in rows with wide paths between that resembled streets. In fact, the architectural style of their lodges were not used by any other tribes but is rather close to that used in Norway. President Thomas Jefferson wrote a letter to Meriwether Lewis (of the Lewis and Clark expedition) dated January 22, 1804 where directs him to make contact with the Indian tribe rumored to white with blue eyes. He meant the Mandans and the expedition had extensive contact with them. When artist and lawyer, George Catlin, set off to meet the Mandan, he spoke to William Clark who was, by then, a governor. According to Catlin, Clark said the Mandan were "a strange people and half-white." So what, you say? The problem for 19th century white American academia was that they were afraid that if the basic populace saw how white some of the Indian tribes were, there might be less of a will to slaughter and disenfranchise them of their land and there went your railroads, factories and other business enterprises that promised fabulous riches to those who needed only to remove the indigenous peoples sitting in their way. In fact, the Mandans even came to be known as "the White Indians" and the "Welsh Indians." How to get rid of them without causing an outcry? Simple--the govt issued them blankets and tools infested with smallpox and the like. They were decimated in no time flat. Here's how the Encyclopedia Britannica describes this biological warfare genocide: In 1750 there were nine large Mandan villages, but recurrent epidemics of smallpox, pertussis (whooping cough), and other diseases introduced through colonization reduced the tribe to two villages by 1800. In 1837 another smallpox epidemic left only 100 to 150 Mandan survivors. Science still refuses to admit that the Olmec stone heads in Mexico are depictions of "Negroes." Some take a tactful turn and say that these cannot be the heads of Ancient Egyptians. I personally don't care if they are Egyptian or not but these ARE the heads of "Negroes": http://www.ccsf.edu/Library/exhibits/olmec1.jpg http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cfmHPbmu6y...in+Tabasco.jpg http://2012.caliwali.com/images/olmecheaduse.jpg The problem for scientists and researchers is that if they don't toe the party line, they don't get funding or grants or awarded prestigious positions at prestigious universities. How far does this chicanery go? Here is the mummy science tells us is that of Ramses II, perhaps the greatest of all the pharaohs: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/101/2...4e8f44ca75.jpg Here is an artist's rendering of what he would have looked like in life based on the mummy: http://mathildasanthropologyblog.fil...con-ramses.jpg Here is what the Ancient Egyptians themselves say he looked like: http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rmhttp/sc...ust_detail.jpg http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/med...amesses-ii.jpg Look at ANY statue of Ramses II and you can't help but admit, he doesn't look anything like this mummy. And many of these statues were carved during his reign. You would think that they'd at least gotten the nose right since the mummy has a very distinctive nose. Clearly, this not the same person. And that makes me think of something else. Science tells us that the pyramids were nothing more than "huge tombs." One guy I argued with on the internet even used that very phrase when I told him they were astronomically aligned (which they obviously are). "Baloney!" he said, "They are nothing but huge tombs." So I asked him to show me a single mummy found in ANY Egyptian pyramid--ANY AT ALL. He couldn't but still wouldn't budge from his position but it was clear that prior to doing a search, he thought they had found mummies in pyramids and that was the basis for calling them tombs. There is NO BASIS AT ALL! No Egyptian pyramid has ever yielded up even a trace of a mummy--none whatsoever. If we assert that they were stolen by grave robbers, we have to assert ALL of them were robbed which is not likely but, even more to the point, why wasn't Ramses II's mummy stolen? They stole mummies of far lesser known pharaohs but left behind the greatest of them all?? It's the emperor's new clothes. They all oo and ah over this mummy and none has the courage or sense to say that it cannot be him. That might piss off some influential academics who could easily ruin your career and no doubt it will. |
^^ Interesting.
Maybe Ramses II wanted to be remembered a certain way and so ordered that his image be portrayed as that depicted in the statues and paintings? It's not unusual for those in power to comission artists to portray them romantically (or in a bulls**t way) rather than realistically. Regardless, everyone who gets the chance to visit Egypt should do so. Seeing the pyramids, the sphynx, the temples at Luxor, the treasures in the Egyptian national museum with your own eyes. It's really something. |
I'm sure Ramses didn't order his likeness to be so altered that there is no resemblance whatsoever. A pharaoh would obviously want his face remembered. Then again, maybe he was a direct forebear of Michael Jackson.
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And is it possible the Clovis people came to America far earlier than Columbus or the Vikings? Sure it is! And that's my point: if we knew all the different peoples who came here and when, it would render the official history meaningless.
We can't know the extent of this tapestry of visitors--many of whom stayed. If we look at modern parallels, we can see why. Do you know who is the first Japanese documented as setting foot on US soil? It was a guy named Manjiro. Where did this happen? Must have been the West Coast, right? Seattle or San Francisco or some place like that. Wrong! It was New Bedford, Massachusetts around 1843. He was part of a fishing party from Japan blown off course by a storm. They lived on an island for a few months until they were picked up by a whaling ship called the John Howland out of New Bedford. They stayed onboard and worked as crewman (the desertion rate was high in the Yankee whaling fleet so they took anybody aboard who was interested including whalermen who had deserted from other ships--no questions asked--Melville deserted his first ship). When they put into Honolulu at the end of the whaling season, four of the fishermen disembarked but Manjiro begged the captain, William Whitfield, to keep him on and teach him to be a navigator. Manjiro was 14 and Whitfield told him he should go home to his family who would be worried. Manjiro told him that this was impossible because Japan was so isolationist that contact with foreigners was forbidden upon pain of death. He could never go home again. Whitfield was saddened to hear this and so agreed to grant Manjiro his wish and took him back to Massachusetts. And that's how the first documented Japanese came to America. It flies in the face of logic but it really happened--you can check it out for yourself if you doubt. Moreover, Manjiro did become a very capable navigator and rose to first mate on a voyage that circumnavigated the globe. It was believed that he would captain his own ship one day but instead Manjiro left New Bedford and sailed to Nantucket. From there he caught a ship to San Francisco and mined for gold for a few months. Then he signed onto a whaling ship heading to the Pacific. From there, he left the ship amd disembarked on an island near Japan. He had his books and charts with him. He went back to Japan and was arrested but he knew they wouldn't execute him--he had knowledge that made him far too valuable. The authorities questioned him intensely and he answered everything truthfully. He told them he know all about the barbarians and could teach others and could also teach them how to build ships like the barbarian countries and how to sail them. He was made a teacher and he taught as he promised. He was allowed to see his mother again--the reason he went home in the first place. When Admiral Perry's ships arrived in Tokyo Bay on 1853, he stepped onto Japan and was greeted in perfect English by none other than Manjiro. How many times over the centuries did similar stories happen that changed the course of history that we will never know about? By the way, Manjiro did return to the US by navigating a Japanese crew to the West Coast in the 1890s. He met William Whitfield again and each man had a family by then. To this day, the descendants of each man still meet every few years--sometimes in Japan and sometimes in Massachusetts. I learned this story when I vacationed in New Bedford and visited the Millicent Library in nearby Fairhaven where this story was posted on the wall. The library is the location where the two families meet in America. I named my eldest daughter Millicent for that reason. We just call her Mill. Believe it or not. |
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It was aliens or the jews.
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1. I am a cartographer (these days known a a G.I.S. dude).
2. As important in studying cartography is studying the history of surveying. They actually had surveyors survey barely inhabited portions of the west in the mid-1800's, placing stakes in trees in the wilderness, taking measurements with chains and doing a pretty darn good job of it given the crude tools they were using. Regarding the Americans Indians, recent genetic research has determined that about 1/3 of the genes of American Indians come from from West Siberians, not East Siberians as is usually believed, which would put them closer to modern Europeans in lineage than modern East Asians. That might explain the apparent closeness of some tribes to customs and craftsmanship of some Europeans. But bear in mind this lineage goes back farther than what we now consider modern Europeans to look like. This was all before blond hair and the like evolved. |
We're all orginally African. Before that we were all matter in the same star - a Class M supergiant to be precise. Before that we, and everything else, were all a singularity during the birth of the universe. I guess we're all one. Those hippies, prophets and philosophers were right. Or were they?
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http://www.photoscanada.com/gallery/...m_poles_25.jpg |
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The belief that the Clovis were here first does not appear to be true. The evidence says there were already people here when the Clovis showed up. This was thought not possible because of the presence of ice shelves over the land making it uninhabitable but this is no longer tenable. And people likely migrated here a variety of ways with the land bridge being only one way. In upper Michigan, there are ancient copper pits still in existence that were mined by somebody. Whoever they were, they mined a huge amount of the what is called Lake Superior copper--about 1.5 billion pounds. It turns up all over the ancient world in faraway areas. How did it get there? Trade obviously but trade with whom? We don't know anything about the copper miners despite the fact that they were here for quite some time. They left behind so few clues. They are largely mysterious. Nor do we know why they stopped. It's as though they set down their tools and just walked away one day never to return. Then why do elephants appear in New World art? http://zegatt.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/elephants.jpg |
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The railroads were important, but a lot of surveying got done out of railroad-owned land, too. As long as people were going to settle somewhere, somebody had to determine parcel boundaries. The surveyors who did all this work are almost the unsung heroes of western settlement IMO.
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You'd need a whole bunch of other evidence that Africans made their way to Central America (before the Europeans came) in order to conclude that those statues are anything other than a coincidence. Coincidences do happen. |
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